Welding apparatus



April 23, 1940. J, P ANDERSQN 2,197,963

WELDING APPARATUS- Filed Jan. 22. 1957 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 l ENTOR BY M April 23, 1940- J. L. ANDERsN 2,197,963

WELDING APPARATUS Filed Jan. 22, 1937 4 sheets-sheet 2 l 7//////////////////////////////l l////////////////////////////////, Il 38.

l ENToR ,V1-, bww ATTORNE? J. l.. ANDERSON 2,197,963

WELDING APPARATUS April 23, 1940.

Filed Jan. 22,` 193'? 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 f'- l| Jn. 1| 1| I ATToRNEYj April 23, 1940. J. L.. ANDERSON WELDING APPARATUS Filed Jan. 22. les? 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 ATTORNE PatentedApr. 23, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WELDING APPARATUS Application January 22, 1937, Serial No. 121,789

11 Claims.

This invention relates to apparatus for the manufacture of Welded pipe and tubing.

One object of the invention is to provide improved heating retort means which raise the edge faces of a traveling skelp -to a welding condition so rapidly that welded pipe and tubing can bemade at speeds equal to the rate of discharge of skelp from a rolling mill, and as a continuous operation with the rolling of the metal to a flat skelp. Such a. continuous operation is disclosed in my application Serial No. 732,593, filed June 27, 1934, (now Patent No. 2,084,375, dated June 22, 1937), of which this case is a continuation in part. Another object of the invention is to project heating jets directly against the warped surface that is presented by the edge face of a partiallyformed skelp as it changesits contour during a progressive forming operation, as when passing between successive stands of a forming mill.k

One feature of the invention relates to the protection of hot skelp, and particularly the edge faces, from oxidation during the forming of the skelp into a welded tube. The edges are not only protected from oxidation during the time that the strip is being bent and the edges brought together to make a weld, but parts of the skelp edges which may be already oxidized to some extent are reduced and purified before they come together to make the weld. Inkthe accompanying drawings, forming part hereof:

Fig. l is a top plan view showing an embodiment of the invention in apparatus which rolls 35 metal to a fiat skelp and forms the skelp into a tube in a. continuous operation;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the apparatus of Fig. 1, but showing only the last stand of the' skelp mill;

Figs. 3-6 are sectional views through the skelp, showing its shape at various stages during the forming step;

Figs. 7 and 8 are enlarged sectional views of the heating retorts through which the skelp passes when flat and partially formed, the sections being taken on the lines 'l--l and 8-(8, respectively, of Fig. 1;

Fig. 9 is an enlarged sectional view on the line 9-9 of Fig. 1; l

Figs; 10 and 11 are enlarged detail views, partly in section, showing the rollers and mandrel illustrated in Fig. 9;

Fig, l2 is a reduced longitudinal sectional view of one of the torches shown in Fig. 1;

Figs. 13 and 14 are enlarged sectional views on the lines I3-I3 and ll-l, respectively, of Fig- 1;

Fig. l5 is a side elevation similar'to Fig. 2 but showing a modified form of the invention;

Figs. 16-19 are enlarged sectional views taken on the lines Iii- I6 to Iii-I9, respectively, of Fig. and

Fig. 20 is an enlarged sectional view on the line 20-20 of Fig. 15.

In a continuous rolling, forming, and welding 1 0 operation, such. as illustratedin Fig. 1, an intermediate strip from the last pass of a reducing mill is transferred into a rst stand i4 of a skelp mill.' The iiexible metal strip is indicated by the reference character I1, the skelp and partial- 15 ly-formed tube by I1', and the Welded tube by Il. 'I'he metal strip Il is threaded back and forth through the-successive stands of the skelp mill, the thickness of the `strip being reduced in each stand. This mill arrangement is illustra- 20 tive. All stands of a skelp mill may be in line, or in line also with preliminary reducing stands in a. straight-throughoperatio Besides the rst stand i4, the skelp mill shown in Fig. 1 has an intermediate stand I9 and a last 25 stand 20, besides which there may be other stands or passes.

Passage of the metal strip I1 through the last stand 20 of the skelp mill eiects the iinal reduction in thickness necessary to produce a skelp of the desired gauge for the tube. The reduction in the thickness of the metal in each rolling pass increases the length of the strip and therefore the lineal speed. The skelp l1 issues rapidly from the final rolling pass through the last stand 20.

The skelp mill is driven by a motor, and there is a forming mill comprising stands 24 and 25 in line with the last stand 20 of the skelp mill in position to receive the skelp from the final rolling pass. The rollers of the forming stands 24 and 25 may be driven from the same motor as the skelp mill through suitable gearing.

Before entering the final rolling pass 20, the rapidly moving hot strip I1 passes through a re- 45 tort 28 in which the `edges of the strip are heated, preferably by oxyacetylene flames, though other fiame heating means may be employed. .The term retort as used in the ,description and in the claims denotes an enclosure in which at least a part of the metal strip or partiallyformed tube is heated and the products of combustion lconfined during their movement away from the heating flames. A guide 29 at the entrance end ofthe retort 28 guides the end of the strip Il into the retort 28 androlling stand 20 when the strip is first threaded through the skelp mill. 'I'here are similar guides at the entrances to the other rolling stands I4 and I9.

The fiames in the retort 28 increase the heat of the skelp along its edges, in addition to which the hot products of combustion that sweep across the upper and lower` surfaces o f the strip sustain the temperature at the edges by reducing the temperature gradient from the edges to the interior .of the strip. A useful effect of heating the strip in this manner before it goes through the final fiat rolling pass is to eliminate a part of the mill scale then present on the strip and keep it from being rolled into the skelp surfaces.

Between the final rolling pass 20 and the first forming pass 24, the skelp travels through a retort 30, which is similar to the retortff28, and

.further increases the temperature ofthe skelp edges.

As the skelp bends from its at condition in the retort 3U to the partially-formed condition assumed in the first pass 24 of the forming mill, it travels through a retort 3| which has guides and burners shaped to conform to the change in the cross-section of the skelp as it bends under the influence of the first forming pass 24 or breakdown pass. It is not necessary to theinvention that the forming be done in rolls. A forming die can be used in one yor more stands, but rolls are required for feeding the metal -through such a die when used in a continuous operation.

In the forming pass 24 the skelp is confined between a grooved roller 32 (Fig. 1) and a roller 33 which has a convex face extending into the groove. A section through the partially-formed skelp is shown in Fig. 4, and another section, as

it leaves the forming pass 24, is shown in Fig. 5. 'I'he center portion of the skelp is bent into an arc of substantially 180 degrees and the side portions extend upward substantially parallel to one another. The forming in this first pass 24 may be less than that shown in the drawings, that is, the arc into which the skelp is bent may be less than 180 degrees and may extend across more or less of the width of the skelp. The amount of forming which should be imparted to the skelp in the first forming pass is largely dependent on the number of subsequent passes in the forming mill. There may be several forming passes, between certain of which the skelp may be bent to a greater degree than is shown in the drawings. Thus, the side portions of the skelp may slope inward instead of being parallel, but it is a feature of the invention that the edges of the partiallyformed skelp be widely spaced and so disposed that the heating fiames can be applied directly against the edge faces.

This partially-formed skelp section proceeds through a retort 35, which is shaped to receive the skelp in the form with which it leaves this forming pass 24. The forward` and rearward ends of the retort 35 are shaped to extend partially between the rolls of the forming millA in order to obtain the' greatest possible length for the retort ,35 within the distance between the stands of the forming mill.

The edge faces of the skelp are finally purified and are heated to surface fusion in the retort 35 and while in this state are brought together in the nal forming pass 25 to cause the clean fused metal on the edge faces to unite and form a strong and perfect weld. Welded tubes made in this manner can be bent sharply or-fianged without breaking theweld, and can be drawn to reduce the diameter and/or wall thickness. This la'tter operation results in a severe working of the metal and is employed to produce tubes of great strength.

If especially high-gradepipe or tubing should not be required, the invention may be employed to produce pressure-welded pipe or tubing of uniformly good quality and with great economy of heat. The economy of heat is made possible by the direct manner in which the heat is applied to the edges and by the uniform heating which makes it unnecessary to raise the temperature of some parts of the skelp higher than necessary while bringing adjacent portions to a welding state. When the edge faces arenot brought to surface fusion, it is necessary to adjust the rolls in the final forming pass 25 so that the edges of the skelp are brought together under considerable pressure, or to employ a closing die or bell for obtaining such pressure.

All of the added heat for raising the skelp edges to surface fusion or to a welding state may be put into the edges in the retort 35 if the distance is made long enough, but in a plant such as illustrated retorts between three or more mill passes are more effective and permit of very high speeds. The torches and retorts applying heat to the skelp in stages as it travels between successive mill passes makes it possible to bring the edge faces to surface fusion, notwithstanding speeds of travel of the skelp as high as a thousand feet per minute, or higher.

Fig. 7 is an enlarged sectional view through the retort 30 with the center portion of the skelp broken out. The retort 28 is of similar construction.

Burner blocks 38 are located in position to direct flames, preferably oxyacetylene fiames,

against the edge faces of the skelp Il. Oxygen I and fuel gas are supplied to each of the burner blocks through pipes 39 and 40 connecting with a stock 4| of the burner block. The lgas passages in the stocks and burner blocks need not be illustrated. It will be understood that the oxygen and fuel gas are brought together by suitable mixers in the stocks 4I, or in stems 42 by which the stocks are connected to the burner block, and the mixed gases distributed yby longitudinal passages in the blocks, from which they issue through jet orifices. The flame system directed against the edge faces of the skelp may be a single or double row of closely spaced jets, or staggered jets, or one or more ribbon flames.

By the use of an oxyacetylene flame mixture the skelp edges can be heated to welding state or to fusion at high rates of travel of the skelp. Other fuel gases or vapors may, however, be employed. The oxygen supplied to the iiame mixture is preferably commercially pure oxygen, though mixtures of fuel gas and oxygen-enriched air or the like may be used. With several stages ofpheating, it is possible to employ mixtures of different compositions in different stages, and with a sufficiently extended edge-heating system a mixture of air and fuel gas may be utilized in one or more stages.

The retort 30 comprises retort bodies 44 and 45 secured to a supporting base 46 on opposite sides of the skelp. 'Ihe supporting base extends from the final stand of the rolling mill, as shown in Fig. 2. The retort bodies 44 and 45 are held in position on the base 46 by screws 41 which extend through slots 48 (Fig. 1) in the retort bodies.

These slots permit the retort bodies to be moved closer or further apart to accommodate skelps of dierent width.

Referring again to Fig. '7, each retort body comprises upper and lower sections 49 and 50 hollowed to form a chamber 5| for the burner block 38, and formed with mating portions 52 and 53 at the front and rear end. Shims 54 between these mating portions establish the proper vertical distance between the surfaces 55 and 55 of the retort sections which overlap the upper and under surfaces of the margin of the skelp. The height of the skelp passages through -the retort is slightlygreater than the thickness of the skelp so that it can pass through these passages with little friction, but the surfaces 55 and 56 serve as guides'to keep the skelp substantially fiat until it reaches the end of the retort and begins to bend under the pull from the rollers 32 and 33 of the first forming pass.

The shims 54 serve asside guides when the front end of the skelp passes into the retort, but after the skelp has entered the rollers 32 and 33 of the first forming pass ordinarily no side guides are necessary, because these rollers have a speed along their median lines slightly greater than the peripheral speed of the rolls in the final rolling pass so that the skelp is under some tension and is held in a central position as it passes through the retort 38.

Water or other cooling iiuid circulates through passages 58 to prevent the retort from becoming overheated. The cooling fluid enters and leaves the passages 58 through hose or pipe connections (not shown).

The retort, and likewise the other retorts, are preferably made of bronze, or abrasion-resisting iron or steel, or the surfaces which contact with the skelp may be copper-plated so that they will not tend to stick to the skelp and wear excessively.

The burner blocks 38 are clamped against bosses 60 on the lower sections 58 of the retort by screws 8I` extending through slots in the burner blocks. The heads of the screws 6l are high enough to extend through openings in the upper sections 49 so that a wrench can be conveniently applied to these screws to release them when the positions of the burner blocks in Athe retorts are to be changed. When using oxyacetylene flames, the jet faces of the burner blocks are positioned close enough to the skelp so that primary combustion takes place immediately adjacent the edge faces of the skelp., The products of the primary combustion, containing reducing gases, blanket the edges, and the final products, at a temperature twice or more the skelp' temperature, sweep inward over the upper and under surfaces of the skelp, heating them' so that heat loss from the edges by conduction into the body of the skelp is minimized. By the action of the heat and of the gases, in this and in the other retorts, the edges are deoxidized and purified and any gas pockets in the edge metal are substantially eliminated, and the highly heated skelp is proteted from oxidation by Contact with the air.

The surfaces 55 and 55 confine the products of combustion and cause them to flow across the upper and lower faces of the skelp. These surfaces may be grooved to provide more space for the flow of gases from the retort. Air for burning the products of the primary combustion enters the chambers 5I around the sides and ends of the burner blocks 38. The retort bodies can be made with no space for the entrance 'of air around the torch blocks, in which case the oxy-l gen for the secondary combustion may be supplied through auxiliary jets opening into the chambers 5|. Much of the oxygen necessary to support the secondary fcombustion may be supplied in the mixture fed through the flame jet openings of the torch blocks. When the hot skelp is passing through the retort, combustion becomes substantially complete within the restricted retort chambers, little or no visible iiame issuing therefrom into the atmosphere.

Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the retort 35. This retort comprises side blocks 63, 54, which are secured to brackets (Fig. 2) extending from the forming mill stands 24 and 25. The side blocks are shaped at their ends to extend part-way between the upper and lower roll of each stand.

Referring again to Fig. 8, a center block 51 is located between the side blocks 63, 64, and held spaced from the side blocks by transverse supports 68 which are fastened to the center block 61 and side blocks 53, 54 by screws( 69. With the 4blocks in the assembled relation shown in Fig. 8 they enclose a skelp chamber 10 and) torchl chambers 'Il opening into the skelp chamber.

The skelp chamber 10 has a cross-section similar to that of the skelp I1 as it comes from the forming pass 24, but is large enough to allow suiiicient space for the flow of the products of combustion downward away from the torchA chambers and across the surfaces of the partial- Vly-forrned skelp. The most intense heat is applied directly tofthe skelp edges, and the products of combustion, hotter than the skelp and flowing over its surfaces, heat the body of the skelp. The high-temperature gases acting on the edges reduce and purify the edge metal, so that when the edges are brought together and united, the weld that is made is free of oxide, of exceptional strength and without defects. Furthermore, the reducing action extends over the outer and inner surfaces of the skelp. By bathing `the skelp surfaces, generally, as it passes through this retort, and also as it passes through preceding retorts. with hot gases more or less reducing in their action, not only is the skelp as a whole protected from oxidation during these stages, but also mill scale cr oxide which formed on the skelp in its progress through the rolling mill\passes is virtually eliminated. The remainder of such scale is in the formof 4a loose powder. The elimination of mill scale by the flame gases is aided byy the loosening of the scale by the bending of the skelp in the forming operation.

The products of combustion which pass across the outside surface of the skelp escape from the retort through slots 'l2 in the side blocks and through the space between the -side blocks at the bottom of the retort. A conduit 13 in the center block 61 communicates with the skelp chamber 18 through slots 15. The products'of combustion flowing across the inside surface of the skelp escape through the slots 15 and conduit 13. A suction pipe 16 (Fig. 9) draws th'e gases out of the conduit 13. y l

Referring again to Fig. 8, torches 18 and 'I9 are clamped against bosses on the center block 61, by screws 88 which extend through slots in the side blocks for convenient access when the torches are to be adjusted in the torch chambers to regulate the spacing of the ame jets with respect to the edge faces of the skelp. This movement of the torches permits the retort to be used with skelps of slightly different width. Oxygen for the secondary combustion is supplied from a conduit 82 in the center block. This conduit communicates with the torch chambers 1| through slots 83.

Air for secondary combustion is aspirated around the sides of the torches 18 and 19, but the upper sides of the torch chambers may be completely closed and all of the oxygen for the secondary combustion supplied under pressure through the slots 83 or similar passages in the side blocks or in a cover extending between the side blocks, or some of the oxygen for the secondary combustion may be supplied through such passages and some through the flame jet orces of the torches.

The side blocks 63, 64 are cooled by liquid fiowing through passages 84, 84. The center block 61 is cooled by liquid iiowing in a cooling chamber 85, best shown in Fig. 9.

The torches 18 and 19 are similar to the torches in the retort 30, with the exception of a slight curve at the ends of the torches 18 and 19 shown in Fig. 1. This curve of the torches enables them to follow the edges of the skelp as they move toward each other when approaching the nal forming pass.

The skelp edges come together in the bite of rolls 86, 81 in the stand 25 to complete the forming operation and produce a welded pipe or tube. The weld is preferably rolled down immediately between the upper roll 86 of the final forming pass and a roller 88 (Fig. 9) inside of the tube. The roller 88 is supported by a roller 89 which bears against the bottom of the tube. These rollers 88 and 89 have their axes on the center line of the rolls 86 and 81, and are held against movement lengthwise of the tube by axles which extend from both sides of the rollers into slots in the bifurcated end of a mandrel 9|.

An end piece 92 is fastened to the mandrel between the bifurcations. lows the curve of the roller 88 above the axle of the roller and limits the movement of the roller in the vertical slots of the mandrel so that the roller axles can not come out of the slots when the roller is not in a tube. The end piece 92 extends part-way under the lower roller 89 and prevents it from dropping out of the mandrel slots when not supported by a tube.

The mandrel 9| is connected, by pins 94, at its forward end, to an extension of the center block 61. A conduit 95 through the mandrel 9| registers with a` passage 96 which leads to the cooling chamber 85 of the center block 51. Water is discharged on the rollers 88 and 89 from the conduit 95 to cool the rollers.

The upper roller 88 is crowned and the radius of the crown is the insiie radius'of the pipe, as shown in Fig. 10. The lower roller 89 has a similar crown except for a center groove 91 which is provided to increase the area oflbearing contact between the rollers 88 and 89. n

Fig. 12 is a longitudinal sectional view of the torch 19 showing the chamber 98 from' which the fuel and oxygen mixture is ldischargedthrough the jet openings'99. The torch is cooled by the circulation of water through conduits (Figs.

'8 and 12). The gas is supplied to the chamber 98 through a stem |02, which corresponds with the stems 42 of the torches shown in Fig. 7.

Figs. 13 and 14 are transverse sectional views through the retort 3|. This retort is supported by the base 46 and has blocks |04 which guide the skelp when the forward end of the skelp first enters the retort. A center block |05 is held over the skelp by transverse supports |06.

The retort 3| comprises retort bodies |08 and.

This end piece fol- |09, which are illustrated'diagrammatically in Figs. 13 and 14. These retort bodies are similar in construction to the retort bodies 44 and 45 shown in Fig. 7, except that the retort bodies |08 and |09 and their torches ||0 are warped to follow the edges of the skelp as the skelp bends from its flat condition in the retort 30 to its substantially U-shaped contour in the bite of the rolls 32 and 33. Passages for cooling liquid and other details shown in the retort bodies in Fig. 7 are omitted in the diagrammatic illustration of Figs. 13 and 14.

The blocks |04 and center block |05 confine the products of combustion which issue from the retort bodies |08 and cause these products of combustion to flow over thesurface of the skelp. There are grooves ||2v in the faces of the blocks |04 and center block |05. The blocks |04 are separated to provide a slot ||3 between them and have passages ||4 recessed in their opposing side faces and bottom faces for the escape of products of combustion which ow across the bottom face of the skelp. The center block |05 has passages I5 and ||6 for the escape of the products of combustion which flow across the top surfaces of the skelp.

Fig. 15 shows a modified form of the invention in which skelp ||1 from amill, furnace, or other supply source passes throughl roll stands |24 and |25 which are similar to the stands 24 and 25 previously described. A third roll stand |26 is located between the roll stands |24 and |25 to bend the partially-formed skelp from the substantially U-shaped contour with which it comes from the first forming pass to a generally oval cross-section.

The partially-formed tube is indicated by the reference character ||1 and the complete welded tube by I1. Figs. 16-19 show the cross-section of the metal at different stages of its progress through the apparatus of Fig. 15.

The edge faces of the metal are heated first in a retort |30 while the skelp is flat, and then in a retort |3| which has a warped shape to accommodate the changing shape of the skelp as it enters the rst forming pass |24. The edges of the partially-formed metal are heated in a retort All of the heating retorts of Fig. 15 thus far described are similar to the retorts 30, 3| and 35.

'I'he roll stand |26 includes two rolls |31 and |38 (Fig. 20) which may be termed gathering rolls. These rolls bring the edge portions of the partially-formed tube closer together,and the faces of the rolls are preferably proportioned to the width of the skelp to be operated on so that the c 'ige faces of the skelp project for some distance beyond the concave faces of the rolls as shown in Fig. 20. A torch |40 heats these edges in the roll pass as they travel from the gathering rolls to the welding roll stand |25. The torch |40 is supported by a frame |4| and has jet orifices |42 disposed to project Oxy-fuel gas flames, preferably Oxy-acetylene, against both edge faces of the partially-formed tube ||1'.

Envelope gases from the torch flames are conned close to the outside surface of the partiallyformed tube by a retort |43 comprising groovedface guides extending along both sides of the run of the partially-formed tube between the gathering roll stand |26 and the welding roll stand |25.

A mandrel |45 extends from the retort |35 back through the gathering roll pass and into the welding roll pass where it holds rollers V|48 and |49 between the welding rolls and substantially on the center line of the welding rolls. The rollers |48 and |49 are similar to the rollers 88 and 89 previously described,\ and the mandrel but it will be understood that features of the invention are applicable to the manufacture of pipe or tubing from preheated skelp or even from cold skelp. The invention is not limited to the embodiment illustrated, and features of the invention may be used without others.

I claim:

l. A heater for raising skelp edges to a Welding condition while said edges move with continuous motion between successive roll stands of a mill which forms the skelp and brings the seam edges together, said heater including in combination guiding or confining means constructed and arranged to accommodate the warped contour of the run of the skelp edge portions between said roll stands, and edge-heating means having orifices disposed in position to project heating jets directly against the edge faces of the forming tube to bring said edge faces to a welding condition before they come together in the nal forming roll stand.

2. Retort means adapted for use between the roll stands of a mill having a plurality of roll stands constructed and arranged to operate simultaneously on different portions of the same skelp to form it into a tube and bring the seam edges together, said retort means being shaped to accommodate the conto'ur of the skelp between the forming stands, and including Oxy-hydrocarbon fuel gas torches with orifices in positions to project ame jets directly against the edge faces of the partially-formed tube, the orifices being disposed at different angles along the length of the skelp edges in accordance with the warped surface of the forming tube, and guide surfaces confining the reducing enevelope gases from the torches across the surfaces of the partially-formed tube so that saidl gases blanket the metal and reduce any oxide on the surfaces.

3. A retort for heating a forming tube during its passage from a forming roll stand to a welding roll` stand Where the forming is completed and the skelp edges are brought together to make the weld, said retort comprising parts shaped to the contour of the run of skelp between the roll stands with which the retort is intended to be used, and heating means having orifices disposed at different angles at different regions lengthwise of the skelp edges in positions to project heating jets directly against the edge faces of the forming tube during its travel through the retort.

4. A heating retort shaped to receive a partially-formed tube while the edge portions of said partially-formed tube are in the Warped form assumed during their passage to the final forming pass of a forming mill, Oxy-fuel gas torches in the retort with jet orifices disposed at different angles at different regions along the lengths of said torches for projecting intensely hot Oxy-fuel gas ames directly against the Warped edge faces of the partially-formed tube while said edges are in continuous motion, and

, guides in said retort for confining and guiding envelope gases from the flames across the surfaces of the partially-formed tube.

5. Apparatus for the manufacture of welded pipe or tubing, said apparatus including in combination heating means shaped to conform to the warped edge surfaces of a skelp as the contour of the skelp changes during a progressive forming operation, said heating means having warped faces with orifices disposed along the lengths of said faces and located in positions to project an elongated system of heating jets directly against the warped edge faces of the forming skelp, and guide means for the partiallyformed skelp in the vicinity of said heating y means.

6. A retort for use with a forming mill for heating the edge faces of a partially-formed tube, said retort including torch means with jet orices in position to direct flame jets against the edges of a partially-formed tube as it travels through the retort with continuous motion toward `a forming pass of said mill, guide surfaces confining the products of combustion from the torch means close to the outside surface of the partially-formed tube, exhaust passages through torch means close to the surface of the partially-formed tube as said products flow away from the torch, said guide means including a` center guide which extends between the edges and inside of said partially-formed tube, said center guide having' exhaust passages leading from the region of the mid-portion of the partially-formed tube to a vent outside of said partilly-formed tube.

8. vA tube weiding machine including means for heating the edges of a partially-formed tube blank while said tube blank is in motion, guide means holding the moving tube blank in tle desired relation to said heating means, a mandrel inside of that portion of the tube blank which .is being acted upon by the heating means, said mandrel being hollow and having one or more ports through which gases from the heating means that venter the tube blank ow into said mandrel, and an exhaust conduit for the escape of gases from inside the mandrel to the outside atmosphere.

v9. Tube welding apparatus comprising atleast three stands of forming rolls, edge-heating retorts between successive roll stands, and the heating means in the retorts including torches having jet orices disposed to project flame jets directly against the edge faces of the run of the metal between successive stands of forming rolls.

10. The combination with a formingmillhav- I jets directly against the edge faces, and other heating apparatus located along the edges of the metal in position to preheat said edges as they travel between successive forming stands ahead of the next-to-last forming stand.

11. Tube welding apparatus comprising a roll stand which bends a skelp into a partiallyformed tube, a second roll stand which bends the partially-formed tube to a contour which disposes the edges of the metal in confronting but substantially spaced relation, a retort between said roll stands including means for heating the edges of the skelp, other heating apparatus beyond the second roll stand including torch means located along the confronting faces in position to project flame jets directly against said faces to heat them to a Welding condition, and a third roll stand immediately beyond said other heating apparatus for bringing the edge faces together to make a weld.

JAMES L. ANDERSON. 

